What is the difference in safety between lead-acid batteries and lithium batteries?

　　1. Material system: The electrolyte of lead-acid batteries is dilute sulfuric acid aqueous solution, which is not flammable, while the electrolyte of lithium batteries is lithium salt organic solution, which is easy to burn when exposed to fire.

　　2. Internal heating probability: Lead acid batteries have a higher chance of exploding during overcharging than lithium batteries because their management systems typically lack overcharge protection, and chargers may not be able to power off after being fully charged. Meanwhile, the electrolyte of lead-acid batteries is highly corrosive sulfuric acid, which poses a significant risk in case of leakage or explosion.

　　3. Safety management system: Lithium batteries are usually equipped with a battery management system (BMS) that can provide protection against overcharging, overdischarging, short circuits, etc., while lead-acid batteries may lack these protective measures.

　　4. Thermal stability: Lithium batteries may be more prone to safety accidents in high temperature environments, such as overheating that may cause diaphragm melting, internal short circuits, and even thermal runaway and explosions.

　　5. Chemical stability: The positive and negative electrode materials of lead-acid batteries are metal lead and lead alloys, and the separator material is glass fiber. These materials have stable chemical properties and are not prone to violent reactions.

　　6. Use and maintenance: Proper use and maintenance are crucial for the safety of both types of batteries. For example, avoiding unauthorized modification of batteries, using original chargers, and adopting reasonable charging habits can reduce safety risks.

　　7. Safety testing and standards: The safety and reliability issues of lithium batteries have received high attention from the industry and authoritative departments. There are a series of safety testing projects and standards, such as GB/T31485-2015, GB 31241-2014, etc., which require batteries to not ignite or explode during the testing process.

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