Safety is a crucial aspect when considering energy storage systems, and liquid - flow energy storage batteries offer several advantages in this regard. One of the primary safety features of liquid - flow batteries is their non - flammable electrolytes. In contrast to lithium - ion batteries, which use flammable organic electrolytes, liquid - flow batteries, such as vanadium redox flow batteries, use aqueous electrolytes. The aqueous nature of these electrolytes significantly reduces the risk of fire and explosion. For example, in large - scale energy storage installations in power plants or substations, the use of non - flammable electrolytes in liquid - flow batteries provides an extra layer of safety, minimizing the potential for catastrophic events that could occur in case of a battery malfunction or thermal runaway, as is more common in lithium - ion batteries.

　　Another safety advantage is the separation of the active materials in the liquid - flow battery system. The electrolytes are stored in external tanks, away from the electrochemical cell stack. This physical separation reduces the risk of internal short - circuits that can lead to overheating and subsequent safety issues in lithium - ion batteries. Even if there is a problem with the cell stack, such as a membrane failure in a vanadium redox flow battery, the electrolyte in the tanks is not immediately affected, and the system can be shut down in an orderly manner to prevent further damage.

　　Moreover, liquid - flow batteries are less sensitive to temperature variations compared to lithium - ion batteries. Lithium - ion batteries require complex thermal management systems to maintain an optimal operating temperature range. In contrast, liquid - flow batteries can operate over a wider temperature range without significant degradation in performance or safety. This makes them more suitable for deployment in harsh environmental conditions, such as in remote areas or in regions with extreme temperatures, where ensuring the safety of lithium - ion batteries can be a challenge.

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