Maintenance of Nickel - Cadmium Storage Batteries

　　Proper maintenance of Ni - Cd storage batteries is essential to maximize their lifespan and performance.

　　Regular inspection of the battery is the first step in maintenance. Check for any signs of physical damage, such as cracks in the casing, corrosion on the terminals, or swelling of the battery. Cracks in the casing can allow electrolyte leakage, which not only reduces the battery's performance but can also be dangerous as the electrolyte is often corrosive. Corrosion on the terminals can increase the contact resistance, leading to poor charging and discharging efficiency. If corrosion is detected, the terminals should be cleaned using a mixture of baking soda and water. Gently scrub the terminals with a soft brush until the corrosion is removed, and then dry them thoroughly.

　　The electrolyte level in Ni - Cd batteries also needs to be monitored. Over time, due to evaporation and chemical reactions, the electrolyte level may decrease. If the level becomes too low, it can cause the electrodes to expose, reducing the battery's capacity and potentially causing permanent damage. To maintain the proper electrolyte level, distilled water should be added if the level is below the marked minimum. However, care must be taken not to overfill the battery, as this can lead to electrolyte overflow during charging.

　　Charging is a critical aspect of battery maintenance. Ni - Cd batteries should be charged using a suitable charger that is designed for Ni - Cd chemistry. Using an incorrect charger can result in overcharging or undercharging, both of which are detrimental to the battery's health. Overcharging can cause excessive gassing, heat generation, and ultimately, a reduction in battery life. Undercharging, on the other hand, will leave the battery with a lower capacity. It is recommended to use a charger with built - in charging algorithms that can detect the battery's state of charge and adjust the charging current and voltage accordingly.

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