One of the common problems in flow energy storage batteries is electrolyte degradation. Over time, the chemical composition of the electrolyte can change due to side reactions, exposure to air, or contamination. This degradation can lead to a decrease in the battery's capacity and efficiency. For example, in a vanadium flow battery, the formation of precipitates in the electrolyte can clog the pipes and reduce the flow rate, affecting the overall performance.

　　Another issue is related to the membrane. Membrane failure can occur in the form of leaks or a decrease in its ion - selective permeability. A leaky membrane allows the mixing of positive and negative electrolytes, which not only reduces the battery's efficiency but can also cause irreversible damage to the electrodes. A decrease in membrane permeability can increase the internal resistance of the battery, leading to a lower power output.

　　Pump failures are also relatively common. Since the pumps are responsible for circulating the electrolyte, any mechanical problem in the pump, such as worn - out impellers or motor failures, can disrupt the electrolyte flow. This can cause uneven distribution of the electrolyte in the battery stack, resulting in poor performance and potential damage to the electrodes.

　　Electrical connection problems can also plague flow batteries. Loose connections can cause electrical arcing, which not only reduces the battery's efficiency but can also be a safety hazard. Corrosion at the electrical connection points can increase the resistance, leading to power losses. Monitoring systems can sometimes malfunction, providing inaccurate readings of parameters such as voltage, current, and temperature. This can prevent proper control of the battery's operation and may lead to over - charging or over - discharging, shortening the battery's lifespan.

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