Nickel - cadmium (NiCd) storage batteries have long been used in a wide range of applications, from power tools to emergency backup systems. To ensure their optimal performance, longevity, and safety, it is essential to follow proper charging procedures.

　　Firstly, understanding the charging methods is crucial. NiCd batteries are typically charged using a constant - current source. The recommended charging rate is around C/10, which means 10% of the battery's capacity per hour. However, fast charging can be carried out at rates up to C (100% of capacity per hour) for batteries designed to handle such conditions. New NiCd batteries benefit from an initial slow charge of 16 to 24 hours before their first use. This helps equalize the charge levels among the cells and redistributes the electrolyte that may have settled during storage.

　　During the charging process, it is vital to detect the full - charge state accurately. One common method is voltage monitoring. As the battery nears full charge, the voltage will rise and then plateau. A slight voltage drop, known as the “minus delta V” phenomenon, signals that the battery has reached its full capacity. Temperature monitoring is another important aspect. The temperature of the battery will increase during charging, and a significant rise can indicate that the battery is approaching full charge or may be at risk of overheating. Most NiCd batteries should not exceed temperatures of 45 °C (113 °F) during charging.

　　Overcharging must be avoided at all costs. Overcharging can lead to excessive heat buildup, venting of gases, and potential damage to the battery. To prevent this, it is advisable to use chargers equipped with automatic shut - off features or timers. Additionally, regular cycling of NiCd batteries is recommended. Cycling involves fully discharging and then recharging the battery. This helps combat the “memory effect,” a phenomenon where the battery seems to “remember” a partial charge and reduces its overall capacity over time.

　　Furthermore, the charging environment also plays a role. Charging NiCd batteries in a well - ventilated area is essential to dissipate heat. Extreme temperatures, both high and low, can affect the charging process and the battery's performance. Therefore, it is best to charge NiCd batteries within the recommended temperature range specified by the manufacturer.

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