The charging efficiency of nickel - cadmium storage batteries is a crucial aspect. In general, the charging efficiency of Ni - Cd batteries is relatively high, typically ranging from 70% to 85%.

　　The charging efficiency is related to the charging method. The most common charging methods for Ni - Cd batteries include constant - current charging and constant - voltage charging. During constant - current charging, a fixed current is applied to the battery. As the battery charges, the voltage across the battery gradually increases. In this process, some energy is lost in the form of heat due to the internal resistance of the battery. However, this method is relatively simple and is widely used. For example, when charging a Ni - Cd battery with a constant current of 0.1C (where C is the battery's capacity in Ah), the charging efficiency may be around 80%.

　　Constant - voltage charging, on the other hand, involves maintaining a constant voltage across the battery during charging. As the battery approaches full charge, the charging current gradually decreases. This method can reduce the over - charging risk, but it may also lead to a slightly lower overall charging efficiency compared to constant - current charging in some cases.

　　Another factor affecting charging efficiency is the state of the battery. A new and well - maintained Ni - Cd battery will generally have a higher charging efficiency. As the battery ages and undergoes more charge - discharge cycles, its internal resistance may increase, which reduces the charging efficiency. Additionally, the ambient temperature also impacts the charging efficiency. Charging a Ni - Cd battery in a cold environment may result in a lower charging efficiency as the increased internal resistance due to low temperature causes more energy to be dissipated as heat.

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