There are three main types of energy storage technologies that have been
applied in industry, namely hydraulic energy storage technology, compressed air
energy storage technology, and flywheel energy storage technology.
1. Hydraulic energy storage technology
Hydraulic energy storage technology is the oldest, most mature, and largest
commercial technology in terms of equipment capacity. There are approximately
500 hydraulic energy storage power stations worldwide, of which 35 have a
capacity exceeding 1000MW. Hydraulic energy storage systems generally have two
large reservoirs, one located at a lower position and the other at a higher
lifting position. During the low peak electricity period, water is transported
from a lower reservoir to a higher reservoir for storage. When electricity is
needed, the potential energy of high-level reservoir water flow can be utilized
to drive the hydroelectric power generation machine.
2. Compressed air energy storage
Compressed air energy storage is the process of pressurizing and
transporting air to underground salt mines, abandoned stone mines, and
underground water storage layers during low electricity consumption periods.
When the electricity load is high, compressed air can burn with fuel to produce
high-temperature and high-pressure gas, which drives the gas turbine to do work
and generate electricity. The capacity of the applied unit equipment has reached
several hundred megawatts. The German Fendorff power station with an installed
capacity of 290MW was put into operation in 1980.
3. Flywheel energy storage and power generation technology
Flywheel energy storage power generation technology is a new type of
technology that connects to the power grid to achieve energy conversion. The
flywheel energy storage power generation system mainly consists of equipment
such as motors, flywheels, and power electronic converters. The basic principle
of flywheel energy storage is to convert the electrical energy in the power
system into the kinetic energy of flywheel motion under the condition of
abundant electricity. When the power system lacks electrical energy, the kinetic
energy of the flywheel movement is converted into electrical energy for use by
power users
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