Mainly including lead-acid batteries, lithium-ion batteries, sodium sulfur
batteries, and flow batteries.
(1) Lead acid battery: It is a type of battery where the electrodes are
mainly made of lead and its oxides, and the electrolyte is a sulfuric acid
solution. Widely used, with a cycle life of about 1000 times, an efficiency of
80% -90%, and high cost-effectiveness; Shortcomings: If there is deep, fast, and
high-power discharge, the available capacity will decrease.
(2) Lithium ion battery: It is a type of battery that uses lithium metal or
lithium alloy as the negative electrode material and non-aqueous electrolyte
solution. The number of cycles can reach 5000 or more, and the response is fast,
making it the most practical battery with the highest energy; Shortcomings:
There are safety issues such as high prices (4 yuan/wh), overheating caused by
overcharging, and combustion, which require charging protection.
(3) Sodium sulfur battery: It is a secondary battery that uses metallic
sodium as the negative electrode, sulfur as the positive electrode, and ceramic
tubes as the electrolyte separator. The cycle cycle can reach 4500 times, the
discharge time is 6-7 hours, the cycle round-trip efficiency is 75%, the energy
density is high, and the response time is fast. Shortcomings: Due to the use of
liquid sodium, it operates at high temperatures and is prone to combustion.
(4) Fluid flow battery: A high-performance battery that utilizes the
separation of positive and negative electrolytes and their respective cycles.
Can store energy for hours to days, with a capacity of up to MW level;
Shortcomings: The battery volume is too large; The battery requires too high
ambient temperature; The price is expensive and the system is complex.
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