Applied to electric vehicles
Supercapacitors are used in hybrid electric vehicles, and their application
principle is shown in Figure 1. Due to the frequent need for acceleration or
deceleration braking during driving, the acceleration motor requires a large
starting current, which can cause significant damage to both the battery and
fuel cell; When a car decelerates and brakes, according to research, the energy
required for braking accounts for 50% of the driving energy. If a supercapacitor
energy storage device is added for energy management of car starting
acceleration and braking deceleration, it can not only reduce the damage to the
battery or fuel cell in electric vehicles, but also recover excess energy and
extend the driving range of electric vehicles.
Applied to wind and solar energy storage
Solar and wind energy are the most convenient and clean energy sources.
Currently, batteries are commonly used as energy storage or buffering devices,
but their biggest problems are high operating and maintenance costs and short
service life. Supercapacitors, due to their characteristics of over tens of
thousands of charge and discharge cycles, complete maintenance free, and high
reliability, make it an inevitable trend to replace the storage and drive shaft
motor generator supercapacitor. The output mechanical energy of the energy
storage device is input into the mechanical energy for discharging and charging
batteries. Supercapacitors absorb energy under conditions of sufficient sunlight
or strong wind during the day, and discharge at night or when wind is weak to
maintain system balance. The structure of the wind and solar power generation
system is shown in Figure 2.
Application and Power System
The application of supercapacitor energy storage systems in power systems
is currently mainly focused on power quality regulation. In practical power
supply systems, due to the widespread application of nonlinear loads and sudden
start/stop of large motors, the voltage harmonics in the power grid will
increase, resulting in waveform distortion, voltage drops, and other problems.
This can cause harm to high-quality power supply equipment. In order to improve
power supply quality, supercapacitor energy storage systems have been widely
used as energy storage components to improve power quality, mainly divided into
dynamic voltage restorers (DVRs), Distribution static synchronous compensator
(D-STATCOM), unified power quality regulator (UPQR), uninterruptible power
supply (UPS). As shown in Figure 3.
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