(1) Supercapacitor energy storage: A double layer structure composed of
activated carbon porous electrodes and electrolytes is used to obtain a super
large capacitance. Unlike batteries that use chemical reactions, the charging
and discharging process of supercapacitors is always a physical process. Short
charging time, long service life, good temperature characteristics,
energy-saving and environmentally friendly. There is nothing too messy about
supercapacitors, it's just about capacitor charging, and the rest is about
material issues. The current focus of discussion is whether it can achieve
smaller areas and larger capacitors. The development of supercapacitors is still
very fast, and now new types of supercapacitors based on graphene materials are
very popular.
Tesla CEO Elon Musk stated as early as 2011 that the batteries of
traditional electric cars have now expired and will be replaced by new cars
powered by supercapacitors in the future.
Shortcomings: Compared to batteries, their energy density results in
relatively low energy storage at the same weight, which directly leads to poor
endurance, relying on the birth of new materials such as graphene.
(2) Superconductive Energy Storage (SMES): A device that stores electrical
energy using the zero resistance characteristic of superconductors.
Superconducting energy storage systems generally include four parts:
superconducting coils, low-temperature systems, power scheduling systems, and
monitoring systems. The development of superconducting material technology is of
utmost importance in superconducting energy storage technology. Superconducting
materials can be roughly divided into low-temperature superconducting materials,
high-temperature superconducting materials, and room temperature superconducting
materials.
Shortcomings: The high cost of superconducting energy storage (materials
and low-temperature refrigeration systems) greatly restricts its application.
The constraints of reliability and economy make commercial application even more
distant than before.
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