The lifespan of nickel - cadmium (Ni - Cd) storage batteries is influenced by multiple factors. Generally, under normal operating conditions, Ni - Cd batteries can endure a significant number of charge - discharge cycles. A well - maintained Ni - Cd battery can typically go through 1000 to 2000 charge - discharge cycles.

　　One of the primary factors affecting its lifespan is the depth of discharge (DoD). If the battery is frequently discharged to a very low level, say, close to 100% DoD, its lifespan will be shortened. For example, in applications where the battery powers a device that runs until it completely shuts down due to low battery, the Ni - Cd battery will experience more stress. On the contrary, if the battery is only discharged to a shallow level, such as 20 - 30% DoD in each cycle, it can significantly extend the number of cycles it can withstand.

　　Another factor is the charging and discharging current. High - current charging or discharging can cause excessive heat generation within the battery. Heat is detrimental to the chemical reactions occurring inside the Ni - Cd battery. When the battery gets too hot during charging or discharging, it can accelerate the degradation of the electrode materials. For instance, if a Ni - Cd battery designed for a normal charging current of 1A is charged with a current of 5A, the internal temperature will rise rapidly, and this will likely reduce the battery's lifespan by causing irreversible damage to the cadmium and nickel - hydroxide electrodes.

　　The storage conditions also play a role. If a Ni - Cd battery is stored for a long time in a high - temperature environment, the self - discharge rate will increase, and the chemical components within the battery will gradually degrade. Storing the battery in a cool, dry place can help maintain its performance and extend its lifespan. Additionally, regular maintenance, such as periodic equalization charging, can also help to balance the cell voltages within the battery pack and improve its overall lifespan.

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