Previously, lead-acid batteries were the most widely used power source in
electric vehicles. However, with the development of electric vehicle technology,
lead-acid batteries have gradually been replaced by other batteries due to their
lower specific energy, slower charging speed (relatively speaking), and shorter
lifespan. Nickel cadmium batteries are mainly used in electric tools or
forklifts, but not in electric vehicles.
Energy storage devices include two types: chemical energy storage devices
and physical energy storage devices.
1. Chemical energy storage devices: including nickel hydrogen batteries and
lithium-ion batteries, sodium sulfur batteries and fuel cells have not yet been
implemented.
2. Physical energy storage devices: including two types: supercapacitors
and flywheel batteries; Superconducting energy storage is mainly used in power
supply control departments.
In general, the electric energy source for electric vehicles is the power
battery, which undergoes frequent and shallow charging and discharging cycles
during operation. During the charging and discharging process, there may be
significant changes in voltage and current. In response to this usage
characteristic, the power system of electric vehicles has special requirements
for batteries in the following aspects: electric vehicles require power
batteries to have a higher specific power; The power battery in electric
vehicles has high charging and discharging efficiency (which is crucial for
ensuring the overall efficiency of the vehicle); Electric vehicle batteries
should maintain relative stability in performance under conditions of rapid
charging and discharging, as well as variable operating conditions during the
charging and discharging process.
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