Will the performance of lithium-ion batteries be affected at extreme temperatures?

　　1. Low temperature performance: Under low temperature conditions, the electrolyte viscosity of lithium-ion batteries increases, ion migration and electrode wettability decrease, resulting in a decrease in ratio performance. The internal resistance of the battery increases, the output voltage and capacity sharply decrease, and the energy and power density rapidly decay. In addition, the permeability of lithium ions decreases at low temperatures, and the electrode reaction kinetics slow down, leading to a decrease in battery performance.

　　2. High temperature performance: Under high temperature conditions, the electrolyte of lithium-ion batteries is prone to chemical changes, which can react with charged electrodes and cause thermal runaway and safety accidents. High temperature can also accelerate side reactions at the electrolyte/electrode interface, leading to battery performance degradation.

　　To address these challenges, the following measures have been taken:

　　1. Material selection: Choose positive and negative electrode materials with high thermal stability and less likely to undergo structural changes to reduce material decomposition reactions at high temperatures or overcharges. Develop electrolytes with low volatility, high flash point, and good thermal stability to avoid gas decomposition at high temperatures.

　　2. Battery structure design: Using a temperature sensitive diaphragm, when the battery temperature is too high, the diaphragm will automatically close the micropores, preventing lithium ions from passing through and preventing short circuits. Design a battery pack with multiple protection mechanisms, including over temperature protection, over charge protection, over current protection, etc.

　　3. Battery Management System (BMS): BMS should have high-precision temperature, voltage, and current monitoring capabilities to track battery status in real-time. Integrate efficient thermal management systems, such as liquid cooling and phase change materials, to dynamically adjust the working status based on monitoring data and maintain the battery within a suitable temperature range.

　　4. Optimization of charging and discharging strategies: Reasonably set the maximum charging and discharging current to avoid local overheating caused by high currents. Adjust the charging strategy according to the battery temperature, preheat at low temperatures, reduce charging power or pause charging at high temperatures.

　　5. Environmental control: Users should avoid high temperature, low temperature, or high humidity environments when using and storing batteries, especially during charging. Ensure there is sufficient heat dissipation space around the battery to avoid heat accumulation caused by stacking usage.

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